Increase In Gross Domestic Product Research Articles

Impact of Agriculture Growth on Poverty Reduction: A Case of Karnataka, India

Karnataka is one of the progressive states in the country even though it experiences the challenges of poverty and it has wide variation, depending on rural-urban disparities, region, caste, and religion. Agriculture as primary sector contribute notably to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and being main occupation for majority population acts as largest source of livelihood for the rural poor by creating enormous employment opportunities thus by increasing the income levels, agriculture play a key role in reducing poverty. The present study was conducted to analyse the impact of agriculture growth on poverty reduction in Karnataka state by using secondary data. The relationship between poverty, agriculture GDP per worker and non-agriculture GDP per worker was analysed using pooled panel regression analysis. The results of the study shows that contribution of agriculture sector was far more in decreasing poverty than the non-agricultural sector, as every one per cent increase in agriculture GDP per worker reduced poverty by 1.36 per cent as against 0.80 per cent in non-agriculture GDP per worker. As majority of people depends on agriculture for their livelihood, it is evident that the agriculture sector has a greater impact on alleviating poverty among rural population. However, it suggested that the balanced growth across all three sectors of the economy will help to reduce the poverty rates by increasing income level of the population.

Public science and environmental sustainability: a national culture framework for innovation ecosystems en route to net zero

Despite the proliferation of national environmental science worldwide, the erosion of environmental sustainability presents a problem for advanced economies with a substantial volume of scientific output. The worsening state of the natural environment presents a profound conundrum at the intersection of science and sustainability, characterised by conflicting pathways for the world’s nations. In this study, I confront this predicament by examining whether the influence of national culture moderates the transition of domestic scientific research into tangible CO2 emissions reduction. Drawing on a dataset spanning 30 nations renowned for their high scientific productivity over a 24-year period, I use a panel data model that incorporates lag time to analyse the nuanced impact of national cultures on sustainability. My findings reveal distinctive outcomes: those cultures characterised by high Power Distance (e.g., Eastern European) contribute to increased CO2 emissions via an industrial innovation pathway that prioritises economic growth, while those with high Individualism and high Uncertainty Avoidance (e.g., Western European) facilitate a reduction in CO2 emissions through the translation of scientific knowledge into public science that stimulates a societal innovation pathway and sustainability. In addition to these moderating effects, my investigation exposes that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita exerts a direct positive influence on CO2 emissions, while an increase of GDP allocated to military expenditure (e.g., USA, China, Israel, South Korea) has detrimental effects on CO2 emissions, potentially hampering Net Zero aspirations. These findings hold significant implications for both theory and policymaking in the environmental arena.

Relationship between net migration and economic development of European countries: Empirical conclusions

The study aims to investigate the relationships between the volume of net migration and the economic development of individual European countries, which will make it possible to forecast the level of GDP and strengthen their migration policy. Correlation-regression analysis was used based on statistical data from Eurostat and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2014−2021 for selected European countries (the EU-27 member states, Switzerland, and Ukraine). The correlation-regression analysis showed a relationship between the volume of net migration and the level of GDP. The linear correlation equations forecasted the value of the GDP level depending on the influence of a single factor – the volume of net migration. The attention is focused on the importance of migration, which ensures economic growth for Poland. It is attractive due to a simpler mechanism for moving immigrants than in other EU-27 countries, ease of language learning and easier adaptation, territorial proximity, and a higher standard of living compared to neighboring countries that were part of the Soviet Union. Thus, an increase in net migration to Poland by 1% will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by 1.43 million euros. Due to Russia’s war against Ukraine, net migration from Ukraine to Poland has increased significantly, potentially increasing Poland’s GDP in 2023 by 0.08% or 529.54 million euros.

How US Fiscal and Monetary Policy affect the GDP of Countries with Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates: Estimates using Korean Data from 1963 to 2022

The simplest large country IS/LM/BP model (Mundell-Fleming Model) predicts that an increase in Government spending in the US would cause an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for countries with flexible exchange rate regimes and decreases in GDP for countries with fixed exchange rate regimes. In contrast, increases in the US money supply would cause an increase in GDP for countries with fixed exchange rate regimes and decreases in GDP for countries with flexible exchange rate regimes. This paper uses a solution to the omitted variables problem of regression analysis to estimate the effects of US fiscal and monetary policy on the Republic of Korea using quarterly data. The data splits into two sections: (1) from 1962 through 1997, Korea had a fixed exchange rate regime and (2) from 1998 through 2022, Korea had a flexible exchange rate regime. The empirical results fit the Large Country IS/LM/BP predictions.

Revisiting the relationships between energy consumption, economic development and urban size: A global perspective using remote sensing data

Existing methods of measuring energy consumption require complex statistics and computing. A real-time and globally applicable approach for comparing energy consumption across different cities is still lacking. Additionally, the nonlinear relationships and varying thresholds of energy consumption in relation to economic activities and urbanization remain unconfirmed. This study aims to fill these gaps by utilizing Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data in 2015 and a top-down approach based on a multiple regression model to examine energy consumption in global cities employing a redefined urban boundary. It also explores the accurate relationship between energy consumption, population density (as a proxy of urbanization), and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) across different regions and urban sizes using generalized additive models and regression models. High-resolution gridded population and GDP datasets covering the entire planet are utilized for this purpose. The study also estimates the development potentiality. The study yields followings outcomes: Firstly, the top 30 cities with the highest per capita energy consumption account for over 0.66% of the total per capita energy consumption of all cities. Secondly, in East Asia (EA) and Southeast Asia (SEA), the per capita energy consumption decreases when per capita GDP reaches $40,000 and $75,000, respectively, while it remains stable in cities located in Western Europe (WE) and North America (NA) as per capita GDP increases. Thirdly, the per capita energy consumption declines with increasing urban population density until reaching 10,000 person/km2, 22,000 person/km2, and 4000 person/km2 in EA, SEA, and NA, respectively. Fourthly, in Central Asia (CA), megacities can save over 100 Mbtu/population when per capita GDP increases by $1000 compared to big cities. This pioneering study provides a comparable investigation of energy consumption at the global city level, exploring its relationship with urbanization and economy by employing a unified calculation standard. It will facilitate long-term energy-saving policies and urban planning strategies.

Public spending and economic growth: Evidence from the Western Balkans

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between public expenditures, foreign investments, and the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the years 2002-2021 in the countries of the Western Balkans (BB6) and Croatia. The analysis includes data on $2.8 trillion of GDP, $668 billion of public expenditures, and $160 billion of FDI for these states. The methodology used in this study is based on a detailed examination of public expenditures and their impact on the Gross Domestic Product. This article investigates two hypotheses, thoroughly assessing their impact on GDP growth. Through the use of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) econometric model, concrete results with over 95% reliability have been obtained. The variables are determined based on multiple regressions for the findings we will obtain based on econometric calculations using the fixed effects, standard deviation, mean, and linear regression models. The findings of this study relate directly to the stated aims and objectives of the publication. The results presented in the study are an essential component of the study's conclusions. We found that some independent factors have a uniform impact on GDP growth, while others have a significant impact on real growth. Also, our findings confirm economic theories that argue that an increase in government spending leads to an increase in GDP. The data show that public investment in the Western Balkans has historically been overlooked, a gap in the literature that our research attempts to fill.

Analysis Of Factors Affecting Provincial Minimum Wages In Indonesia

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the minimum wage across different provinces in Indonesia. The study examines secondary data from Indonesia's Central Statistics Agency for the period 2018-2022, encompassing 34 provinces. The dependent variable in this study is the minimum wage of each province, while the independent variables used in this study are the need for a decent living, inflation, gross domestic product, and consumer price index. The data analysis method applied is panel data regression analysis with a random effect model. The research findings indicate that a higher standard of living, an increase in gross domestic product, and a rise in the consumer price index have a positive and significant effect on the minimum wage of each province. However, inflation does not appear to have a significant impact on the minimum wage of each province.

Control Chart for Correcting the ARIMA Time Series Model of GDP Growth Cases

The essential prerequisite for attending the G20 conference is a country's GDP because G20 members can significantly boost the economy and preserve the nation's financial stability. Time series data can be thought of as a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at a particular point in time. In this research, the GDP numbers from five Southeast Asian nations that are attending the G20 fulfilling are used. The total was 47 observations made yearly, which extended from 1975 to 2001. A time series analysis was performed on the data gathered. The correctness of time series models is also evaluated using control charts based on this research. The control chart is constructed using the time series model's residuals as observations. After applying the IMR control chart for verification, the results revealed that the residuals, specifically the models for GDP in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, are out of control. The white noise assumption is fulfilled by the time series model obtained for Brunei and Indonesia's GDP, but the residuals are out of control. Whether controlled residuals are used depends on the accuracy with which the time series model predicts the future. If the amount of residuals is under control, then the time series model produced is accurate and good enough for prediction. After using the IMR control chart to verify the residuals, the results indicate that the residuals, namely the models for GDP in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, are not under control. The assumption of white noise is proved correct by the time series model obtained for the GDP of Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia. With that being said, the residuals are entirely out of control. The model must improve its ability to forecast various future periods. It is a consequence of the unmanageable residuals that the model contains. Even if the best available model has been obtained based on the criteria that have been defined, it is anticipated that the research findings will improve the theories that have previously been developed and raise knowledge regarding the usefulness of testing the time series model. In addition to all of that, it is intended that the research will produce a summary of cases of an increase in GDP from five Southeast Asian countries participating in the G20 conference. 

Assessment of the progression of public investment in cataract surgery in Brazil

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the progression of public investments in cataract surgery in Brazil and its correlation with the growth of the elderly population and the gross domestic product (GDP) between 2010 and 2021. Methods: This descritive, retrospective study analyzed data from public databases recording surgical procedures and the amounts invested per surgery to treat senile cataracts, performed per year and by region by the Unified Health System in 2010 and 2021. Results: The number of cataract surgeries performed by Brazil’s public health system increased by 79.77%, from 356,088 in 2010 to 640,408 in 2021, while the population aged >60 years increased by 50.08%. The increase in the number of surgeries resulted from greater public investments in the area (an increase of 26.61% in corrected values), which was consistent with the increase in the GDP during the period (30.88% in corrected values). Conclusions: The progression of public investments in cataract surgery from 2010 to 2021 was similar to the increase in GDP of Brazil. Moreover, the increase in the number of surgeries performed by the public health system offset the increase and aging of the population and also reduced the proportion of accumulated cases of cataract-related blindness. However, the improvement was not homogeneous, demonstrating the need to adopt public policies based on regional epidemiological evidence.

Towards a Digital Revolution: Investigating the Impact of GDP, Tax Collection, and Interest Rates on Cashless Economy in India

The rapid advancement of digital technologies have propelled economies worldwide towards a transformative shift to cashless transactions. In the context of India's ambitious journey towards a digital revolution, this research aims to investigate the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), tax collection, and interest rates on the adoption and usage of a cashless economy in India. The objectives of the study were to explore the relationships between GDP and the cashless economy, tax collection and the cashless economy, and interest rates and the cashless economy. Three hypotheses were formulated to test these relationships, positing that as GDP, tax collection, and interest rates increase, the adoption and usage of cashless payment methods in India. Using OLS multiple regression analysis through STATA software, data from the years 2001 to 2020 were meticulously analyzed. The research findings revealed a significant positive correlation between GDP and the cashless economy, indicating that as India's economy grows, there is an increased inclination towards digital payment methods. Similarly, effective tax collection initiatives were found to play a pivotal role in promoting formal financial transactions and driving the adoption of cashless payments in the country. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the study results showed that the impact of interest rates on cashless payment adoption was not as prominent as anticipated. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of India's digital revolution, emphasizing the role of key macroeconomic factors in shaping the cashless ecosystem. The findings offer strategic implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and businesses in devising evidence-based strategies to accelerate India's transition towards a robust and inclusive cashless economy.

Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)- A Real Indicator of Economic Progress

Increase in Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product etc. which are so highly advertised and publicized by media and other governmental and non-governmental organizations do not necessarily reflect the ground reality and status of well-being and development of the economy of a nation. It is quite conservative in its approach and hence another economic indicator namely Genuine Progress Indicator was proposed by the economic think tank of America to lay down a more scientific and realistic way. In contrast to GDP, the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) lays great emphasis on long-term environmental problems and considers it as a cost that is subtracted from GDP to obtain GPI. Despite the warning by environmentalists that if the present state of fossil consumption, conversion of forest areas into habitats, the opening of poisonous chemical industries and establishment of new but very dangerous nuclear power reactors for energy production is continued, it is impossible for mankind or say whole living being to survive in near future. Humanity has already heavily suffered the tragedy of Union Carbide at Bhopal in India, the great Chornobyl tragedy of the USSR, the complete destruction of mankind at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and presently the Tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption and atomic reactor leakage, Covid-19 pandemic etc. which are just a few blatant blows to serve as eye openers for economists, technologists and scientists to understand and realize the seriousness and also repeated warnings by nature. Some developed countries have revised their economic analyses system by attaching significant importance to GPI instead of GDP. Environmental and social costs are considered in computation of GPI. Several studies have been done to measure GPI at the national level and sub-national levels. In this paper, attempts have been made to explain various outstanding characteristics of genuine progress indicator (GPI) and their relevance to socio-economic welfare in the present context. It is suggested that moral values, ethics and spirituality should be incorporated as a fourth factor in computation of GPI. This will certainly work as a tool to reduce socio-economic disparities and enhance overall wellbeing of society by adding spirituality and social ethics.

WOMEN AND WORK AT MID LIFE AND BEYOND: STUMBLING, STRIVING, NAVIGATING TRANSITIONS

Abstract Women at midlife and beyond are making significant and increasing contributions to The Global Longevity Economy, driving increases in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, and income generation. Indeed, advances in women’s life expectancies, statuses, and roles establish women aged 50-plus as a high-powered engine driving economic opportunity. As much as we can and must celebrate the economic contributions of older women, we cannot do so without acknowledging the forces holding them back from contributing even more. Despite the progress women at midlife and beyond have made in the United States relative to many of those who came before them, they still are challenged to reach their ultimate economic potential. This session will explore some of the factors that propel and inhibit women aged 50-plus from reaching their full economic potential, each of which is related in some capacity to paid work. The first presentation in this symposium spotlights a mixed methods study into the economic lives of working women at midlife and beyond across the United States who face one or more barriers, in addition to gender, to building their economic security. The second presentation will focus on financial challenges and experiences of women entrepreneurs aged 40-plus during the Covid-19 pandemic. The final presentation will explore financial and professional impacts of menopause transitions for women. Taken together, implications across all studies point to broad areas of intervention, innovation, and additional areas for scholarship – all as they relate to financial wellbeing and work for women at midlife and beyond.

PENGARUH LAYANAN PERMODALAN DIGITAL TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of digital capital services represented by market aggregator variables on MSME performance. Market aggregator examines the aspect of access to information related to capital for business actors. The research used a survey method through observation and distributing questionnaires to business actors in Ambon City. Samples were taken based on purposive sampling technique. The research results show that digital capital services can significantly boost the performance of MSMEs. Business actors who utilize market aggregator platforms to access capital information encourage them to obtain quality information related to capital decision making so that ultimately it supports business actors to achieve satisfactory business performance. These results also have an impact on the economic sector in general, where when business actors gain access to adequate capital, sales and profit levels can increase. If sales and profits increase then in the long term the business level can increase to the next level. Increasing the level of business certainly encourages an increase in state revenues through taxes, employment, and an increase in gross domestic product (GDP).

Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Shocks on Urban Household Health Expenditures in Iran

Background: The evidence of Iran's economy shows that many economic variables, including household health expenditures, can be affected by exchange rate shocks. According to previous studies, the increase in the exchange rate from two channels of the general increase in prices, as well as the increase in the price of medicines and imported medical supplies, increases health expenditures. This study investigated the asymmetric effects of the unofficial exchange rate on the health expenditures of urban households in Iran.
 Methods: The present applied study investigated the short-run and long-run effects of positive and negative shocks of the unofficial exchange rate, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO2 emissions on the health expenditures of urban households during 1971-2019 using time series data. The data were collected from the database of the Statistics Center and the Central Bank. To investigate the reliability of data, generalized Phillips-Prone and Dickey-Fuller tests and to check the stability of the coefficients, cumulative sum and cumulative sum squares were used. Also, to check the short-run dynamics and adjustment towards the long-run, the error correction model was estimated. The regression model was estimated using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach by Eviews (12.0) software. After estimation, diagnostic tests including Wald test, normality, heterogeneity of variance and autocorrelation were performed.
 Results: The results showed that the increase in exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on household health expenditures, its reduction has no significant effect Therefore, the effect of exchange rate shocks was asymmetric. Accordingly, 1% increase in the unofficial exchange rate led to a 0.237 % increase in household health expenditures in the short-run and  0.55 % increase in the long-run. In addition, 1% increase in GDP led to 0.49 % increase in household health expenditures in the short-run and 1.57% increase in the long-run. Finally, 1 % increase in CO2 emissions led to a 1.49 % increase in household health expenditures in the long-run.
 Conclusion: Based on the results, after the increasing exchange rate shocks and possible future declines, due to the persistence of the shocks effects for up to three years, it is suggested not to stop supportive policies for providing health expenditures, especially for low-income groups.

MANIFESTATION OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN HOTEL INDUSTRIES IN BAGUIO CITY AS PERCEIVED BY HOTEL GUESTS

This study is focused on gauging the perception of hotel guests regarding global hospitality trends and verifying if global trends are significant factors in economic growth. It aims to measure if enhancing and adapting to global trends and shifts would provide economic upturn and specify recommendations on enhancing its capability to generate substantial revenues for the local economy. Further, the study gauged the interest of hotel guests in acquiring hospitality services through recent global trends and their perception of how it benefits the economy in general. A survey questionnaire was distributed among 399 hotel guests from thirty selected hotels and has been collated and analyzed. Through the survey, it has been discovered that there is a moderate, positive correlation between the global trends in the hospitality industry and its economic benefits, which conveys that the global trend in the hospitality industry has a moderate impact on economic advantages. It has also been found that the hospitality sector has effectively met the demands of leisure visitors and given them access to suitable workstation facilities. Furthermore, it has also been shown that the best predictor of hotel demand is the increase in Gross Domestic Product.

CHALLENGES AND MARKETING SOLUTIONS TO SUPPORT THE ROLE OF SONGKET FABRIC SMES IN WELCOMING THE ERA OF SOCIETY 5.0

The more efforts are made, the more the country's economy will increase. The country's economy is increasing thanks to a significant increase in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) every year. MSMEs of songket cloth are one of the drivers of the country's economy because songket cloth has strength as the main advantage, namely that MSMEs can absorb jobs and grow the local community's economy. The right strategy for the MSME sector is to grow and build, consisting of market penetration to increase market share by using products already on the market. Market development is to increase market share in new markets by using existing products, and product development aim to increase market share by creating new products or developing existing products. Based on these leading concerns, the team has conducted a series of analyzes and formulated the right marketing strategy, namely the SMEs Bazaar with the theme "The Future of SMEs", Integrated Marketing Communication – Scan QR Code, E-commerce Partnership, show with SMEs with the theme "Custom Made to Fit ur Desire", and Empowerment SMEs Program. This strategy is believed to be effective and efficient in improving the performance of songket SMEs in Indonesia. With the development of technology and digitalization, Sasirangan Fabric products produced by SMEs can be sold using digital platforms such as e-commerce to make it easier for the public to reach and help in the expansion process to enter the global market. However, the limited internet penetration of MSME actors is a major problem in digital transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how this type of MSME can improve Indonesia's digital economy and welcome the era of society 5.0.

Economic Growth and Childhood Malnutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

ImportanceEconomic growth may reduce childhood malnutrition through improvements of several contributing factors, but the empirical evidence is mixed. Identifying the most important factors that contribute to child malnutrition and their associations with economic growth can inform decision-making about targeted investments to improve children’s health.ObjectiveTo assess the associations between economic growth and malnutrition, contributing factors and malnutrition, and economic growth and contributing factors of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from 239 Demographic and Health Surveys from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2021. Observations included 1 138 568 children aged 0 to 35 months with valid anthropometric measures and information on contributing factors of malnutrition from 58 LMICs. Data were analyzed from May 20, 2022, to February 16, 2023.ExposureNational per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) was used as a proxy for economic growth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSix measures of childhood malnutrition were constructed: stunting (height-for-age z score <−2), underweight (weight-for-age z score <−2), wasting (weight-for-height z score <−2), overweight (weight-for-height z score >2), obesity (weight-for-height z score >3), and dietary diversity failure (consumption of less than 5 of 8 different food groups in the past 24 hours). Eighteen contributing factors of malnutrition were constructed, of which 10 were underlying determinants (eg, access to improved sanitation) and 8 were immediate determinants (eg, breastfeeding initiation).ResultsA total of 1 138 568 children (mean [SD] age, 17.14 [10.26] months; 579 589 [50.9%] boys and 558 979 [49.1%] girls) were included in the analysis. Of these, 27.3% (95% CI, 27.2%-27.4%) had stunting; 25.7% (95% CI, 25.6%-25.8%), underweight; 11.2% (95% CI, 11.1%-11.2%), wasting; 3.8% (95% CI, 3.7%-3.8%), overweight; 1.1% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.1%), obesity; and 79.8% (95% CI, 79.7%-79.9%), dietary diversity failure. Per-capita GDP was weakly associated with childhood malnutrition. The odds ratios associated with a 5% increase in per-capita GDP were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00) for stunting, 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00-1.01) for wasting, 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00-1.00) for underweight, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.98-0.98) for overweight, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.98) for obesity, and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) for dietary diversity failure. Although strong associations were found between many contributing factors and most outcomes for malnutrition, associations identified between per-capita GDP and these contributing factors themselves were ambiguous.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicountry cross-sectional study, economic growth was weakly associated with childhood malnutrition and several contributing factors. To reduce child malnutrition, economic growth may need to be accompanied by more targeted investments to improve contributing factors that are strongly associated with child malnutrition, such as maternal health and education.

Impact of money supply and macroeconomic indicators on foreign portfolio investment: Evidence from Vietnam

This study examines the relationship between money supply, macroeconomic indicators, and foreign portfolio investment in Vietnam. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and Stata 17 software to analyze quarterly data from Q1/2007 to Q4/2022, the analysis reveals strong and enduring correlations. An increase in money supply and economic growth positively influences foreign portfolio investment, with the money supply from the previous quarters significantly impacting foreign portfolio investment (P-value < 0.01). However, foreign exchange rates and foreign direct investment negatively affect foreign portfolio investment. Three macroeconomic indicators show significance at 1% and 5%, where gross domestic product positively affects foreign portfolio investment, while foreign exchange rates and foreign direct investment have detrimental impacts. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in gross domestic product leads to a USD 50.426 million increase in foreign portfolio investment, while a USD 1 million increase in foreign direct investment results in a USD 0.025 million decrease. Foreign exchange rates significantly affect foreign portfolio investment, with the potential for reduction through VND devaluation or an increase in the VND/USD exchange rate due to government adjustments. Definitive conclusions about external debt, interest rates, and inflation require additional data and research. The study’s R-squared value is 0.2738, with an adjusted R-squared of 0.1813, explaining 27.38% of future changes in Vietnam’s foreign portfolio investment. These findings have important implications for policymakers, suggesting that expanding the money supply and implementing suitable interest rate policies could enhance foreign portfolio investment attractiveness in the nearest term. AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the board of editors and the anonymous reviewers for their time and suggestions, which were most helpful in improving this article.

Hydroelectric production and energy consumption in Nigeria: Problems and solutions

This study investigates the link between hydroelectric production, energy consumption and sustainable development in Nigeria, analysing time-series data from 1981 to 2018. The Secondary data were culled from World Bank data. The variables used were; Real Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable, with the independent variables being Alternative and Nuclear Energy, Electricity Production from Hydroelectric Sources, Electric Power Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, and Labour Force. The cointegration result revealed that the variables have a long-term relationship. The study found that increasing nuclear and alternative energy use by 1 % would result in a 2.74% increase in the actual gross domestic product over time. The study also found that hydroelectric power generation has a substantial negative long-term economic effect on Nigeria's actual gross domestic product. Increasing the use of hydroelectric sources in electricity production by a percentage point would result in a 1.33% increase in the gross domestic product over time. Furthermore, the long-run coefficient of electric power consumption significantly affected real gross domestic product, with coefficients, t-values, and probability values of 0.009175, 6.10, and 0.000, respectively.Therefore, the study recommends that the government take advantage of Nigeria's vast renewable energy resources predominantly available in different parts of Nigeria, provide a conducive environment for investors, strike partnership deals with various organizations, and spur economic growth development in Nigeria.

Factors associated with the utilization of diagnostic tools among countries with different income levels during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundDisparities in the utilization of essential medical products are a key factor contributing to inequality in health outcomes. We aimed to analyze the trends and influencing factors in using Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnostic tools and disparities in countries with different income levels.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using open and publicly available data sources. Data were mainly collected from the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, "Our World in Data," and the Global Burden of Disease databases. Negative binomial regression model and generalized linear mixed model were employed to investigate into five sets of factors associated with the usage of diagnostics: severity of COVID-19, socioeconomic status, health status, medical service capacity, and rigidity of response. Dominance analysis was utilized to compare the relative importance of these factors. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition was used to decompose the difference in the usage of diagnostics between countries.ResultsThe total COVID-19 testing rate ranged from 5.13 to 22,386.63 per 1000 people from March 2020 to October 2022 and the monthly testing rate declined dramatically from January 2022 to October 2022 (52.37/1000 vs 5.91/1000).. The total testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status (37.84%), with every 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in Gross Domestic Product per capita and the proportion of people aged ≥ 70, the total testing rate increased by 88% and 31%. And so is the medical service capacity (33.66%), with every 1 SD increase in health workforce density, the number increased by 38%. The monthly testing rate was primarily associated with socioeconomic status (34.72%) and medical service capacity (28.67%), and the severity of COVID-19 (21.09%). The average difference in the total testing rates between high-income and low-income countries was 2726.59 per 1000 people, and 2493.43 (91.45%) of the differences could be explained through the five sets of factors.ConclusionsRedoubling the efforts, such as local manufacturing, regulatory reliance, and strengthening the community health workforce and laboratory capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot be more significant for ensuring sustainable and equitable access to diagnostic tools during pandemic.